Modern ways of refining

Modern ways of refining
Modern high oil and gas enterprises have complex in construction machines and vehicles, which can operate at low temperatures, high vacuum and high pressure in hostile environments. Industrial processing of oil in modern refinery is through a complex multi-physical and chemical treatment to separate or combined processing plants for production of a large range of oil products.
Technological processes refinery divided into physical (primary) and chemical (secondary). Physical processes of the division of oil reached its component parts (fuel and oil fractions) or removal of residual oil fractions or unwanted chemical group. components. In chemical refining of crude oil carried by chemical reactions to produce new products.

Chem. processes in modern refineries are divided:

1) by the method of activation of chemical reactions - for thermal and catalytic

2) the type of proceeding in which chemical reactions - the destructive, hydrogenation and oxidation.

The main process of refining (after CDU) is an atmospheric distillation, which are selected fuel fractions (gasoline, lamp oil, jet and diesel fuels) and fuel oil, used either as a component of boiler fuel or as raw material for further downstream.

Contribution to the development of theoretical bases, improvement and modernization of technology processes and devices, development and implementation of high-resource-and energy-saving technologies, active and selective catalysts, in addressing the deepening of refining and optimizing the quality of oil products made by the scientists of the Ufa State Oil Technical University.

Increase in the production of petroleum products, and diversification and quality improvement, the main tasks assigned to the oil industry at the moment. The solution of these problems in an environment where continuous increase in the proportion of processing high-sulfur and sulfur, and in recent years and vysokoparafinistyh oils required changing technology of oil refining. Acquired secondary importance, and especially catalytic processes.

Production of fuels that meet modern requirements, it is impossible without the use of processes such as catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, hydrotreating, alkylation and isomerization, and in some cases, hydrocracking. Reforming at lower pressures in the system and in combination with extractive distillation and solvent extraction produces aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylenes and higher) used in the petrochemical industry.

Hydrotreating of petroleum distillates is one of the most common processes, particularly in the processing of sulfur and high-sulfur crudes. The main purpose of Petroleum distillate hydrotreating is to reduce the content of sulfur, nitrogen, and organometallic compounds. When hydrotreating decomposes organic substances containing sulfur and nitrogen. They react with hydrogen, circulating in the system, with the formation of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, which are removed from the system.

Isomerization - the process of converting low-octane paraffin hydrocarbons, predominantly C5 and C6, or mixtures thereof, in appropriate isoparaffin fraction with a higher octane rating. Polymerization process converting propylene and butylene into liquid oligomeric products used as components of gasoline, or raw materials for petrochemical processes. Depending on the feedstock, catalyst and process conditions of the product can vary widely.